The 16th-century revolt which divided christians into protestants and catholics is known as the?

The Reformation

There were protests against the abuses of the Roman Catholic Church in the centuries before the 16th century, by men such as John Wycliffe in England (1330-1384) and Jan Hus in Bohemia (1369-1415).  But the full-blown protest of "Protestants" caused the greatest stir in the 16th century, beginning with Martin Luther in the German territories and then Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin in Switzerland.  

Incidentally, the name "Protestant" came into usage after the Diet (days of meetings) at Speyer in 1529, when a policy change was made in the Holy Roman Empire, contradicting earlier decisions that had allowed greater freedoms to Lutheran princes in their territories.  Those princes filed an official protest against the decisions made at Speyer, and thus the name "Protestants" began to be applied to their side.

in the united states, the president is controlled by the

constitution, and in all respects subordinate to it. insofar

as it deals with presidential power, however, the american

constitution has proved to be a highly malleable document.

with very few exceptions,' the constitutional provisions relating to the president have not been changed at all since

they were ratified in 1787. but in the late twentieth century, those provisions do not mean what they meant in

1787. the constitution is a legal document, and it is enforced judicially; but its meaning was hardly fixed when it

was ratified. in particular, the contemporary president has

far broader powers than the original constitution contemplated. it is remarkable but true that large-scale changes in

the authority of the president have been brought about

without changes in the constitutional text, but nevertheless

without significant illegality.

this is a paradox. is it not clear that constitutional

changes, if not textual, are illegal? the paradox has considerable relevance to our current thinking about the presidency in particular and about constitutionalism in general.

perhaps the framers of the american constitution feared

legislative power most of all; 2 but from well-known events

in the twentieth century, it is possible to conclude that it is

presidential power that holds out the greatest risks to both

liberty and democracy. the president is by far the most visible leader in the nation; he is often the only person in government with a national constituency. moreover, he is