Those people who support and defend affirmative action believe a. a limited number of minority groups should be given preferential treatment b. wrongs of the past should be remedied by the federal government c. folks today should never be guilty for things that occurred long ago d. the majority of people should always take second place to minorities

The tower commission, appointed by president reagan in 1987 to investigate how the iran-contra affair had happened, concluded that most of the blame lay with a. president reagan himself, for careless management of his subordinates b. congress, for poorly drawn legislation that failed to define carefully the role of the president's national security council c. the american people, for failing to pay attention to the conduct of international affairs d. the federal courts, for having allowed excessive power to flow to the executive branch