Background information: when the war was over, germany was forced to sign the treaty of versailles, and take full responsibility for starting the war. this excerpt is part of germany's response to that treaty. it is demanded of us that we shall confess ourselves to be alone guilty of the war. such a confession from my lips would be a lie. we are far from declining all responsibility for the fact that this great world war took place or that it was fought in the way that it was . . but we energetically deny that germany and its people, who were convinced that they fought a war of defense, were alone guilty. no one would want to assert that the disaster began only at that disastrous moment when the successor of austria-hungary fell a victim to murderous hands. in the last fifty years, the imperialism of all european states has chronically poisoned international relations. policies of retaliation, policies of expansion, and disregard for the right of peoples to determine their own dest

1. the group that formally abolished the monarchy was the roundheads. after the monarchy was abolished, the english commonwealth was created. it was led by oliver cromwell, who later took the title lord protector. this leader was a puritan, meaning that he supported removing catholic rituals from the church of england.

2. identify a central idea in the bill of rights.

a.   the monarch could only exercise power as stated in the law.

3. ascended the english throne as   a joint monarch after accepting   the bill of rights   mary ii

appointed catholics as government   officials and recruited them in the   army

james ii

conquered ireland and established   the commonwealth

oliver cromwell

lost a long, bloody civil war against   forces loyal to parliament

charles i

was crowned king after a period   of commonwealth rule in england

charles ii

4. identify two effects of the glorious revolution on the english monarchy.

the idea of monarchs ruling by divine right was rejected.

a limited, constitutional monarchy was established.

5. what are two ways the bill of rights opposes the idea of the divine right of kings?

it stated that the monarch's power was subject to limits set by parliament.

it abolished the role of the monarch as the head of the church of england.