Explain how the von thunen model describes an urban rural set up, and what is included in each ring of the model.

The Von Thunen Model describes an urban rural setup with the following assumptions:

1. That the city is centrally located within an isolated state that has no external influences and is self-sufficient.

2. That an unoccupied wilderness surrounds the isolated state.

3. That the state's land is completely flat and there are no mountains or rivers to interrupt the terrain.

4. That the climate and soil quality are consistent throughout the entire state.

5. That the farmers in the isolated state will transport their goods to the market through oxcart, across the land, and is directly to the center of the city. Thus, there are no roads.

6. Farmers will act to maximize their profits.  

The Four Rings

1. First ring - the ring that is closest to the city and includes intensive farming and dairying  

2. Second ring - firewood and timber would be produce for building materials and fuel

3. Third ring - includes extensive field crops like grains for bread

4. Fourth or final ring - ranching

i do believe its (d) it allowed the government to offer pioneers sixty acres of western land if they lived on it and made improvements to it.

explanation: signed into law in may 1862, the homestead act opened up settlement in the western united states, allowing any american, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land. by the end of the civil war, 15,000 homestead claims had been established, and more followed in the postwar years

he risk-return relationship. generally, the higher the potential return of an investment, the higher the risk. there is no guarantee that you will actually get a higher return by accepting more risk. diversification enables you to reduce the risk of your portfolio without sacrificing potential returns.

explanation: