What does arnold toynbee believe caused civilization to develop?

2. what was the estimated population of ancient copán? of ancient tikal?

About how many european immigrants were processed at the facilities on ellis island

What is one way the spanish war of independence encouraged those in the colonies to seek new political and economic rights? colonies took advantage of spain’s weakened ability to prevent rebellion. the disruptions caused by the war encouraged colonial merchants to seek markets in the pacific. the exposure to french ideas through the war convinced many in spain to provide these liberties to the colonies. the war with france made spain tighten their political and economic hold on the colonies in desperation.