In federalist 51, james madison states, “it may be a comment on human nature that such precautions should be necessary to control the abuse of government.” what precautions is he talking about?

James Madison - Is talking about corrupt man, and how no one is perfect, so there must be no absolute to guarantee their power for eternity, and not to take over the people without the people having power. “If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary.”

an expansion is one of two basic business cycle phases; the other is contraction. the transition from expansion to contraction is a peak, and the changeover from contraction to expansion is a trough.