How did corporations use vertical and horizontal integration to grow?

Vertical and horizontal integration basically just gave companies more control over more parts of their product. For example, instead of only owning the plant  that say produced cars, the company would also own the mines where they got the metal to make the cars and they would own everything from the raw materials to the final product. It could also edge out competition leading to a powerful monopoly.

the cost of college has risen faster than inflation for many years.

the high price of student services and administration are two reasons for the rapid increase in cost.

b - those executed came from every social and economic class