What did alexander hamilton imply were the weaknesses of the present system of government under the articles of confederation

Hamilton implied that the weakness of the government under the Confederation was because the central government didn't have enough power. He believed too much power was given to the states and that the central government should be able to pass laws.

ayatollah khomeini can best be described as the leader who declared iran to be an islamic republic.

yup! you are correct it is b.