1. according to claudius, what was the ruin of athens?

Claudius felt the ruin of Athens was due to the fact they refused to grant citizenship to foreigners. In a way, this was probably true, in that by not allowing foreigners to enter they halted the growth of Athens, which meant the city became stagnant

the pogroms became known as kristallnacht, the "night of shattered glass," for the shattered glass from the store windows that littered the streets. the morning after the pogroms 30,000 german jewish men were arrested for the "crime" of being jewish and sent to concentration camps, where hundreds of them perished.