Which communist policies are characteristic of totalitarian rule? check all that apply. the choices are: a) instituting a literacy campaign b) censoring books and newspapers c creating a powerful secret police force d) granting women the right to divorce their husbands e) increasing access to education f) forbidding the practice of organized religion

The correct answers are B, C, and F.

B) Censoring books and newspapers: Both forms of government control apply strict censorship as individuals cannot claim any freedom of speech, thought and writing. The officials restrict or shut down completely any form of press, publication of books, radio, and/or television that's not under the regime's control.

C) Creating a powerful secret police force: In order to maintain control of the population, this type of government entities look to keep people constantly afraid, and one of the tools they use is terror. Whether its using a secret police that acts as vehicle of oppression, or also using other kind of armed forces that serve the purpose of creating a sense of constant threat.  

F) Forbidding the practice of organized religion: Communism and Totalitarianism conceive themselves as a potential replacement for the entities of faith that a free country may decide to praise as another tool to ensure their grasp on power. Keep in mind that while totalitarianism is driven to establish itself as a new religion, Communism sees it more as an instrument of domination of the masses.

B) censoring books and newspapers

C creating a powerful secret police force

F) forbidding the practice of organized religion

Explanation:

study of past cultures

a hypothesis is an expected answer to a question, usually based on some theory or prior research. hypothesis testing is a method of determining the viability of a hypothesis. let’s use the us presidential election as an example. there are many hypotheses (questions) about how people feel or whom they will vote for. the only way to know the 100% “truth” about the answers to these questions is to ask every single possible voter – something that is impossible, expensive, time consuming etc. instead, we take samples and use statistics to make “best guesses” about the answer to a particular hypothesis. we never know for sure if our conclusion is right at the time we accept/reject it, but these techniques, when used appropriately can get us close to the truth most of the time (which is a lot better than guessing, flipping coins or throwing darts to get answers).

the tricky part about hypothesis testing is that we have to think somewhat backwards about it – we have to test what is known as the “null hypothesis”. as an example, the hypothesis might be “obama is more popular than romney” while the null hypothesis is “there is no difference in popularity between obama and romney”. we focus on the null hypothesis because it tells us exactly what the expected value of our tests should be (obama popularity = romney popularity) and we can collect data and see if it comes out that way (see next section on “significance”). if it does, then we “accept the null hypothesis” and reject our original hypothesis. if the null hypothesis is disproven, we look at the data to see if our original hypothesis holds (obama> romney).