What can be inferred about mesopotamian societies from the complex building structures like the ziggurat? a) ancient mesopotamians lacked the same building technologies of surrounding civilizations. b) the ancient mesopotamians placed high emphasis on social gatherings and community meetings. c) ancient mesopotamians utilized advanced technologies and planning in architectural construction. d) the ancient mesopotamians had contact with ancient egyptians modeling the ziggurat after the pyramids.

The correct answer is option C. From the complex building structures like the ziggurat it can be inferred that Mesopotamian societies, such as the Sumerian, used advanced technologies in architectural construction.  

The Ziggurat is a type of huge stone structure which has the form of a terraced compound of successive levels. They represent the most remarkable and famous Sumerian buildings, where the advanced materials and techniques applied by this ancient civilization are put in manifest.  Some of the most famous ziggurats are the Great Ziggurat of Ur, the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf and the Etemenanki in Babylon among others now destroyed.

on this day in 1939, in response to hitler’s invasion of poland, britain and france, both allies of the overrun nation declare war on germany.

the first casualty of that declaration was not german—but the british ocean liner athenia, which was sunk by a german u-30 submarine that had assumed the liner was armed and belligerent. there were more than 1,100 passengers on board, 112 of whom lost their lives. of those, 28 were americans, but president roosevelt was unfazed by the tragedy, declaring that no one was to “thoughtlessly or falsely talk of america sending its armies to european fields.” the united states would remain neutral.

as for britain’s response, it was initially no more than the dropping of anti-nazi propaganda leaflets—13 tons of them—over germany. they would begin bombing german ships on september 4, suffering significant losses. they were also working under orders not to harm german civilians. the german military, of course, had no such restrictions. france would begin an offensive against germany’s western border two weeks later. their effort was weakened by a narrow 90-mile window leading to the german front, enclosed by the borders of luxembourg and belgium—both neutral countries. the germans mined the passage, stalling the french offensive.