One great contribution of the islamic golden age

interdependence is when all participating groups and individuals depend on each other. if you depend on one anothers goods, you end up trading in order to get the items you're looking for. (for ex: if i have food and you have water, we trade in order to depend on each other to live)

offline recommendation systems option b

because recommendation systems produce a list of two ways

1. through collaborative filtering

or

2. through content-based filtering