Sumerian city states were ruled by council's elected by the citizens

This is false.

1. In Sumerian city-states, politics and religion were intimately related. The governor was the Prince-priest. the "High priest" or "Patesi", who represented the deity.  The priest administered the government of the city, the income of the temple, led the soldiers, supervised the maintenance of the canals and organized the cult. The temple then played a fundamental role. It was the axis of political, religious and also economic life.

2. With the expansion of the Sumerian cities, the administration becomes more complex and there is a change in the attributes of the Patesi, who will be dedicated exclusively to worship.

3. Military leaders converted into Kings will perform the rest of the functions. These kings will maintain the division of Mesopotamia into small states: each city, was a state in itself, with its own institutions of government, did not depend on a regional or imperial major power.

what are the options?

atman means 'eternal self'. the atman refers to the real self beyond ego or false self. it is often referred to as 'spirit' or 'soul' and indicates our true self or essence which underlies our existence.

there are many interesting perspectives on the self in hinduism ranging from the self as eternal servant of god to the self as being identified with god. the understanding of the self as eternal supports the idea of reincarnation in that the same eternal being can inhabit temporary bodies.

the idea of atman entails the idea of the self as a spiritual rather than material being and thus there is a strong dimension of hinduism which emphasises detachment from the material world and promotes practices such as asceticism. thus it could be said that in this world, a spiritual being, the atman, has a human experience rather than a human being having a spiritual experience.

explanation: