How do almost all cases reach the united states supreme court? (a.) directly and upon the arrest of a person accused of breaking a law. (b.) due to recommendation of a two-thirds majority of congress. (c.) on appeal from a lower court via a writ of certiorari. (d.) via presidential decrees, which are issued with support of the senate.

The answer is: C. On appeal from a lower court via a writ of certiorari

A writ of certiorari is a type of petition of judicial review in the United States that is more commonly seen when a party fills a petition for a case that has been decided by one of the United States courts of appeals in order to be reviewed by SCOTUS in case of legal error.

"they had a large area of land that they owned."

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]