Which of the following innovations provided the first nearly instantaneous communication between north america and europe

The transatlantic cable provided the first nearly instantaneous communication between North America and Europe.

A transatlantic telegraph cable is an undersea cable running under the Atlantic Ocean implementedd for telegraph communications. The first communications took place in August 16, 1858, reducing the communication time between North America and Europe from ten days (the time it took to deliver a message by ship) to a matter of minutes. Transatlantic telegraph cables have been replaced by transatlantic telecommunications cables.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts