What classical empire based their bureaucracy on confucian ideals?

In China,the Tang (618 - 907 A.D.) and the Song Dynasties based their bureaucracies on Confucian ideals (960 - 1279 A.D.) as a way of strengthening ethics thus ruling out corruption in civil service. In order to achieve this, every candidate aspiring to a job position in the government had  to pass difficult tests on Confucianism.

answer placeholder because the system is messed up

all of the following apply except for (a. excessive credit on real estate resulting in defaulted loans.

in 1819, panic swept the country due,in part, to the rapid expansion of american manufacturing during the war of 1812 and the distress caused by the post-war british competition. the rapid expansion of american farming was another factor.

explanation: