(answer asap! need to finish test! 20 points! ) match the correct word to the correct definition. words: civilization stelae terraces khipu hieroglyphs archaeology new world “the three sisters” definitions 1. related to the latin word civitas which means “city”. people in a civilization are city builders due to the ability to farm and to grow surplus food. there is also a change in the division of labor. 2. refers to the three main foods eaten by native americans: maize (corn), beans, squash. 3. land that is set up like a series of steps to allow the growing of food and placing on building on level spots on a hillside. 4. what the lands of the caribbean and north and south america are called. this term was started by amerigo vespucci in a widely circulated letter that he wrote. 5. the records kept by the emperor of the inca empire. 6. a stylized picture of an object representing a word, syllable, or sound, as found in ancient egyptian and other writing systems such the inca and maya 7. the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. 8. an upright stone slab or column typically bearing a commemorative inscription or relief design, often serving as a gravestone. towering stone monuments often covered with hieroglyphs.

the bar kochba rebellion (132-135) against the roman empire, also known as the second jewish-roman war, was the second major jewish revolt in judea and the last of the great jewish-roman wars.

after the first jewish-roman war of the years 66-73, the roman authorities took measures to crush any new attempt of rebellion in judea. his political situation was modified and instead of a prefect a governor of praetorian rank was appointed, and in the ruins of jerusalem the seat of a complete roman legion, the legio x fretensis was established.

the political and religious direction of the jewish people was left in the hands of the sanhedrin, with initial headquarters in yavne.

the direct causes of the rebellion vary according to the source. the roman historian dio cassius (155-229) attributes the revolt to the decision of hadrian to found in the place of jerusalem a roman city called aelia capitolina (aelia by its own name and capitolina in honor of the roman god jupiter). on the other hand, the jewish sources, while recognizing this resolution as true, assign higher priority to the decrees dictated by hadrian that forbade the brit milah (circumcision), the respect of the sabbath and the laws of purity in the family.

hadrian's intention was to "civilize" and incorporate the jews once and for all into the greco-roman culture. for greek and roman culture, circumcision was an intolerable mutilation.

the jewish tradition tells in the midrash tanjuma a meeting between rabbi akiva and the governor turnus rufus, where he asked for an explanation about the circumcision.

an additional legion, the legio vi ferrata, moved to the province to maintain order, and work began in the year 131 after the governor of judea, turnus rufus performed the founding ceremony of aelia capitolina. a roman coin with the inscription aelia capitolina was struck in the year 132.

the tannaim rabbi akiva, who without being named nasi directed the sanhedrin, convinced the other members to support the imminent rebellion.

the jewish leaders carefully planned the second rebellion to avoid the numerous errors that had been committed in the first one. in the year 132 the rebellion led by bar kochba quickly expanded from modiim throughout the country, defeating the x roman legion based in jerusalem and destroying the xxii roman legion that had come from egypt.