After the potato famine of 1845 many irish left for other countries while those who stayed demanded

Food from the British (because they were getting plenty of imports)

although the legal justifications for the trials and their procedural innovations were controversial at the time, the nuremberg trials are now regarded as a milestone toward the establishment of a permanent international court, and an important precedent for dealing with later instances of genocide and other crimes

after the roman empire, the catholic church began to unify by taking on many duties of a government.