By the turn of the 17th century, which of the following was not characteristic of ming china?
a. strong leaders
b. weak leaders
c. popular dissent
d. internal struggles

pope john paul ii ( his real name is karol wojtyla) and lech walesa ( the leader of the solidarity movement ) were both born in poland.

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.