Article 2 of the constitution states that the president is also

in the second paragraph of Article II, Section 2, that “the President shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur.” Thus, treaty making is a power shared between the President and the Senate.

Source: https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/articles/article-ii

(e) a major consequence of the election was that several southern states

you didn't list the options. however, a few communist countries today are: the people's republic of china, north korea, and cuba.