Otto von bismarck was appointed of germany by king wilhelm i in 1871.

 CHANCELLOR

Otto von Bismarck was appointed Chancellor of Germany by King Wilhelm I in 1871.

Context/details:

Otto von Bismarck was Minster President and Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of Prussia.  He used Realpolitik (reality politics) methods to increase Prussian power and align other German states together with Prussia into the German Empire.  In his leadership of Prussia, Bismarck helped create wars with neighboring countries to increase national pride among the German people.   The main wars that Bismarck provoked in increasing national pride and unity among the German people were the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and the  Franco-Prussian War (1870-71).  Following the Francp-Prussian War, the German Empire was established, and Wilhelm I appointed Bismarck to the position of Chancellor.

 CHANCELLOR

Explanation:

i believe its the indians

offline recommendation systems option b

because recommendation systems produce a list of two ways

1. through collaborative filtering

or

2. through content-based filtering