For de tocqueville, the most important political and social idea of his time was the america concept of

For de Tocqueville, the most important political and social idea of his time was the America concept of equality.

Tocqueville held a belief that equality was a great political and social idea during his era, he believed that the United States offered the most advanced example of equality in action. Not only did he praised the American individualism but also warned that a society of individuals could easily bring paradoxically uniform since he felt that a community of individuals needed the intermediate social structures such as those that were provided by traditional hierarchies to mediate relations with the state.

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.