"in order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others. were this principle rigorously adhered to, it would require that all the appointments for the supreme executive, legislative, and judiciary magistracies should be drawn from the same fountain of authority, the people, through channels having no communication whatever with one another. perhaps such a plan of constructing the several departments would be less difficult in practice than it may in contemplation appear. some difficulties, however, and some additional expense would attend the execution of it. some deviations, therefore, from the principle must be admitted. in the constitution of the judiciary department in particular, it might be inexpedient to insist rigorously on the principle: first, because peculiar qualifications being essential in the members, the primary consideration ought to be to select that mode of choice which best secures these qualifications; secondly, because the permanent tenure by which the appointments are held in that department, must soon destroy all sense of dependence on the authority conferring them."
- from "the federalist papers : no. 51"

1)
in this excerpt from "the federalist papers no. 51," james madison explains the need for
a) three separate branches in american government.
b) a government that can control the violence caused by factions.
c) a way to elect members of government that does not favor a small, elitist class.
d) an explanation to the complaint that the constitution does not have sufficient provisions against standing armies in times of peace.

2)
this excerpt is an example of a primary document. why might you also want to read a secondary source in addition to the primary source?
a) reading primary resources allows you the opportunity to disprove the author of the primary source.
b) primary sources often times leave out many important details that can be found in secondary sources.
c) a scholar who has written a secondary source will provide supporting material about the historical event, person, place or object.
d) secondary sources are a waste of time and offer unreliable information. when given the choice always only stick to primary sources.