1. 1896 --- Plessy v. Ferguson
2. 1954 --- Brown v. Board of Education
3. 1955 --- Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on the bus
4. 1957 --- Little Rock Nine
5. 1961 --- Freedom Rides
6. 1963 --- "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C.
7. 1964 --- Civil Rights Act signed by President Johnson
Explanation:
1- The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson of 1896 was a legal decision in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States in which it was decided to maintain the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public places (especially in railway networks) under the doctrine of "Separate but equal", which remained in US law until its challenge in 1954 by the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education.
2- The case Brown v. Board of Education is a landmark judicial ruling by the United States Supreme Court that declared that state laws that established separate schools for African-American and white students denied equal educational opportunities.
The ruling was delivered on May 17, 1954, and established that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal". With this, the Supreme Court reversed the existing precedents from Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. As a result of this ruling, racial segregation came to be considered as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
3- Rosa Parks was an important figure in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, especially for refusing to give up a white seat and moving to the back of the bus in Montgomery, Alabama, on December 1, 1955.
4- The Little Rock Nine was a group of African American students who on September 4, 1957 went to class at Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, and were detained by the National Guard. This episode is considered one of the most important events of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
The Little Rock crisis, followed closely by the press, showed how the nine black students who decided to attend classes and were initially prevented from entering school by order of the Arkansas governor, Orval Faubus. Later they were followed by crowds under threats of lynching. They were finally able to attend after the intervention of President Eisenhower, who sent Division 101, putting the Arkansas Military Guard under federal military command.
5- Freedom Rides were the actions of civil rights activists in the United States who used interstate buses to test the Supreme Court's decision in Boynton v. Virginia, that made segregation illegal in transportation. The first Freedom Ride left Washington on May 4, 1961, and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on the 17th. Activists were arrested in southern states under the pretext of violating local laws and Jim Crow laws.
6- "I Have a Dream" is the name of the most famous speech of Martin Luther King Jr., when he spoke powerfully and eloquently of his desire for a future in which black and white people could coexist harmoniously and as same. This speech, delivered on August 28, 1963 from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March in Washington was a defining moment in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.
7- The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark legislation in the United States that prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, workplaces and facilities that serve the general public.
