The process by which a society settles its conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and costs is called

Politics. It is a process by which a government makes decisions that will affect the members of a society. In this process, the government duty is to receive social inputs (demands)  to generate outputs (decisions) that after some deliberation will impact the community, as a whole, with costs and benefits.    

a, c, & d are correct:

they wanted lands to settle the extra population.

they wanted new markets for english goods.

they wanted to avoid civil war.

b

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