What did the framers of the constitution create to resolve disputes between the states?

During the Constitutional Convention of 1789, there was a dispute regarding the representation of the states in Congress. The large states wanted the number of representatives in Congress to be proportional to that state's population. On the other hand, the smaller states wanted the number of representatives per state to be equal among all states.

The "Great Compromise" was a solution to this. It was a combined proposal of the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan. It concluded that the House of Representatives (Lower House) should have a proportional representation according to the population of each state. Regarding the Senate (Upper House), The representation would be limited to 2 senators per state, regardless of the number of people living in each of them.