What are the two powers of judicial branch?

Courts and judges make up the judicial branch of our government. There are three separate court levels in this branch, District Courts, Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court. The Constitution created the Supreme Court and gave the power of establishing other courts to the Congress. In 1789, the first Congress used this power to establish the district and appeals courts – called the lower courts.

2     The power given to courts to interpret the law is called jurisdiction. The jurisdiction granted to the judicial branch is limited to federal and constitutional laws. The federal courts hear cases where a person or group disobeyed the constitution, violated a treaty, committed a crime on federal property, or broke a federal law. They also hear cases when a citizen from one state sues a citizen of another state. The federal courts also hear cases when a foreign country accuses a government official or U.S. citizen of a crime against their nation, or a person commits a crime on a U.S. ship at sea.

3     The lower courts' decisions in these cases set precedent. The lower court judges are required to give legal reasons for their decisions. Precedent sets an example to follow for future cases with related subjects. The decisions reached in these courts can have a significant effect on the citizens of our country.

4     There are ninety-four U.S. District Courts, with at least one in each state, one in Washington, D.C., one in Puerto Rico, and one in each of three territories – Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Northern Mariana Islands. Each of these courts has jurisdiction over the cases in these areas.

5     There are two sides to every disagreement brought before the courts. The respondent is the person or group accused or sued. The petitioner is the side who accuses or sues. Both sides usually have an attorney to present their arguments before a judge and jury. A respondent can waive his right to a jury and choose to have a decision made by the judge alone. Each attorney has the opportunity to present the facts and laws that support their client's argument. After the information is presented, a verdict is reached. If the verdict is unfavorable, the case can be reviewed by the appeals court.

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1960: wilma rudolph was the first woman to win three olympic gold medals in track and field at one olympic games. she was an american sprinter from tennessee, she was acclaimed the fastest woman in the world. she was among the most visible black women in america and abroad. she became a role model for black and female athletes. she was also known as a civil rights and women right's pioneer.

1973: billy jean king is an american former number one tennis player. she represented the united states in the federal cup and the wightman cup. for three years she was the usa's captain in the federation cup. she defends gender equality and has been a pioneer for equal and social justice. at the age of 29, she won "the battle of sexes" tennis match against the 55 year old bobby riggs. she was also the founder of women's tennis association and the women's sports foundation.  

1983: tamara mckinney becomes the first american female skier to win the alpine world cup overall championship top. she was the only american to hold that title for a quarter century until 2008.

1992: manon rhéaume, from canada,   becomes the only woman to start in a national hockey league game in an exhibition game for the tampa bay lightning . she played on the canada women's national ice hockey team winning gold medals in 1992 and 1994. and silver medals in 1998. manon marked the first time a woman appeared in a regular season professional game with her first appearance against the salt lake golden eagles.

2013: serena williams won 78 of 82 matches at the age of 31. she is an american professional tennis player. she reached the number 1 ranking for the first time on july, 8, 2002. at the age of 16, she played against karsten braasch the battle of sexes. she was the highest paid female athlete in 2016. she is a unicef ambassador .

the correct answwer is d