Why did the japanese not defend the beaches, and instead dig in to caves in the highlands?

Define the term brutalization effect and describe in your own words why you think this occurs and how it conflicts with the ideas of deterrence theory.

Some historians argue that the changes brought by industrialization caused americans to beomce a more secular people. to what extent do you agree or disagree, and why? use evidence from chapter 18 to make your case.

The soldiers in the novel use the phrase "it all looked good on paper" several times throughout their experiences. what does this mean in the context of the war?