How did american literature and arts begin to change in the mid-1800s?

americans began adapting british and irish tunes and ballads to american tastes.

american women began to write and paint for the first time.

authors and artists began focusing on american urban life as topics for their art.

authors and artists began to depict american life rather than classical european subjects.

In the mid-1800s, American literature and arts began to change as authors and artists began to depict American life rather than classical European subjects.

Explanation:

Fine arts in the United States developed under conditions very different from those that occurred in many other nations. The United States was formed from a group of colonies; its founders came from different places with different customs and traditions. These, suitable for the needs of society in their countries of origin, had to adapt to life in a strange and adverse environment. A properly American culture, founded on these traditions modified from distant regions, although different from them, grew and developed only after the United States became an independent nation. This situation occurred in the mid-1800s, when almost 100 years after independence, the United States had a national identity forged and established in its population.

your list doesn't mention any of them at all.

and what does "these" mean anyway ?

representative government