What factors in the layer model could affect the skin temperature?

In layer model, we relate the radiative force to the change in earth's surface temperature.

meanwhile ,The skin temperature is the amount of temperature that reflected back to the space through atmosphere's layers.

Basically, The factors that could affect skin temperature is he green house effects, which mean the more amount of sunlight that is trapped inside the earth surface, the less it's reflected outside.

The answer is challenging and taxing because arduous means when something is hard and tiring and the excerpt provides clear detail why that's the answer

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