The first humanmade object launched into orbit was .

Sputnik I by Soviet Union in 1957

Explanation:

Sputnik I became the first human-made object to be launched into orbit. It became the first artificial satellite to reach the orbit of the earth. Sputnik was designed like a ball with a size of 58 cm and launched by the Soviet Union. The Sputnik I was a technological success with its size, caught the world attention, especially Americans who were astonished by the achievement of the Soviet Union being a communist country.

a, he promoted disarmament

c, to compete