Identify and explain the following:

7. result of peace of westphalia on german-speaking lands
8. reason for dutch and english alliance against france
9. factors that accounted for resistance to the efforts of philip ii to impose higher taxes and greater spanish control over the netherlands

The Peace of Westphalia resulted in the ending of the Eighty Year’s War that occurred between the Netherlands, Spain, and Germany - that was involved in the war for 30 years - it occurred in 1648. The Peace Treaty also fragmented the old Germanic Empire into independent states.

The Dutch allied with the English against France in the Franco-dutch War because France conquered the Spanish Netherlands. Initially the British joined France in the Third Anglo-Dutch War. But William of Orange that was the Prince of Holland at that time married his cousin Mary that was the niece of Charles II of England then they allied against the French in the war.

Phillip II was the King of Spain from 1556-1598 and did not pay attention to The Netherlands even though it was one of the richest parts of Philip’s empire because of its textile industry and commerce.

At that time The Netherlands were linked to Germanic culture and spoke Dutch and mainly, they were not Catholic, they were Calvinists. Because of that, they did not enjoy when Phillip wanted to strengthen control over them. They paid high taxes and they were not invested in their favor, instead, they were invested in Spain’s favor.

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