How might the industrial revolution and the birth of capitalism motivate countries to dominate other countries a claim ?

To secure natural resources and labour force. Wealth resulting from industry empowers the wealthy to seduce, buy and/or corrupt the elite of other nations. In Victorian Britain there was a genuine belief among some that other nations benefited from being annexed. Whilst the British elite were terrible imperialists they also built infrastructure such as transport, sewers etc, everywhere they went. Brits arent evil but we do always think we know best...unfortunately.

i confess that there are several parts of this constitution which i do not at present approve, but i am not sure i shall never approve them: for having lived long, i have experienced many instances of being obliged by better information or fuller consideration, to change opinions even on important subjects, which i once thought right, but found to be otherwise. it is therefore that the older i grow, the more apt i am to doubt my own judgment, and to pay more respect to the judgment of others.