What did western nations hope to gain by establishing new colonies after 1880?

basic principles: federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, representative democracy, limited government, rule of law, individual rights and responsibilities, consent of the governed, majority rule, popular sovereignty, equal protection.

b. the right to wage war and make peace

i think i will need more detail to answer if this is a specific question on a test, but technology advancements are good for many industries, such as medicine or food industries, new technology could us in medicine in ways such as new scanners to tell us more about our bodies or new cures or vaccines for diseases.

sedition laws violated the first amendment to the u.s. constitution, which protects freedom of speech and the press.

it would mean for other coutnries that the speak of them may cause a war or a person from another country talking about it could get arrested and the countiry and other contries could count that as rasisim and start a race war.