What were the two-front wars that military planners had anticipated prior to the first world war? a. russia had assumed a two-front war against germany and the ottoman empire, and germany had assumed a two-front war against france and italy. b. the ottoman empire had assumed a two-front war against russia and austria-hungary, and france had assumed a two-front war against germany and spain. c. germany had assumed a two-front war against france and russia, and italy had assumed a two-front war against austria-hungary and france. d. russia had assumed a two-front war against germany and austria-hungary, and germany had assumed a two-front war against russia and france.

D. Russia had assumed a two-front war against Germany and Austria-Hungary, and Germany had assumed a two-front war against Russia and France.

Explanation:

There are 2 main sides during the world war I.

The Central powers which consist of Germany, Austria-Hungary, ottoman empire, and Bulgaria and the Allied powers which consist of Serbia, France, Russia, British Empire , and Belgium.

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia , and France were among the strongest country that are really close to each other borders. It is very easy for their military united to initiate attacks from land.  (United Kingdom is located on a separate island).

Because of this, they anticipated two-front wars in which  Russia had assumed a two-front war against Germany and Austria-Hungary, and Germany had assumed a two-front war against Russia and France.

they both wanted to stop protestantism, they felt a call in life and it was to strengthen the church. charles used inquisition, philip used army's, charles gave control to outsiders, philip centralized all power.

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