Why did islam split into two factions? a. muhammad died without leaving a plan for who should succeed him as caliph. b. the "four rightly guided caliphs" disagreed over how the empire should be divided. c. islamic leaders agreed that by splitting the religion into factions, more people could be converted to islam. d. sunni muslims did not agree with plans to expand the empire into christian europe.

A. Muhammad died without leaving a plan for who should succeed him as Caliph.

Explanation: Indeed, Muhammad was poisoned by Zaynab bint Al-Harith, a Jewish slave whose people he and his followers had massacred. She decided to avenge her family by cooking a plate of roasted lamb for Muhammad and poisoned it. Muhammad died after several days of agony and was unable to name a successor.

After his death, his Muslim followers could not agree on who it should be. Some of them chose Abu Bakr, a companion of Muhammad, they would be known as Sunnis. Others decided to support Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad’s cousin and son in law. They became known as Shia. Ever since, Sunnis and Shias have been killing each other over this disagreement.

c) women should home the rights as men.