What were the ideas (natural rights, role of government) and complaints set forth in the declaration of independence?

Not just an idea but the fact that all people are created equal and are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights is a clear statement in the Declaration of Independence.

That the purpose of having a government, is to protect these rights, and if the government that is instituted to protect the rights of the citizens becomes destructive. Meaning instead of protecting these God given rights, it's starting attacking them, the people have the right and the duty to alter, abolish, or over through that government.  

Not complaints but grievances. In the Decoration of Independence it list the grievances that the government has failed to resolve and reconcile with the colonies. The Colonies have even tried after the Battle of Lexington and Concord, and the Battle of Bunker Hill to reconcile with Britain. But to no effect. And so, the decree was made to become an independent nation and the justifications for declaring independence is listed in the grievances.

b) that he was not a free man

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