Why do the inuit people choose to live in extreme weather?

No group deliberately chooses to live in extreme conditions. When they arrive in an area, the either adapt to the conditions they find there, they die out, or they move to a more hospitable area. The Inuit are late arrivals in the Americas, and they found stronger, established groups already holding more hospitable territory. They ingeniously found a way to survive and even prosper in the northern areas that were still unoccupied or were occupied by a less adapted, weaker population. Once the adaptations existed, they continued to live in the area their adaptations suited them to even if seemingly more hospitable areas were temporarily available.

Explanation:

the captain of a steam ship naturally chooses the shortest route to his destination. since a sailing ship is usually pushed by winds and currents, its captain must find a route where the wind will probably blow in the right direction. tacking, i.e. using contrary wind to pull (sic) the sails, was always possible but wasted time because of the zigzagging required, and this would significantly delay long voyages. the early european explorers were not only looking for new lands. they also had to discover the pattern of winds and currents that would carry them where they wanted to go. during the age of sail winds and currents determined trade routes and therefore influenced european imperialism and modern political geography. for an outline to the main wind systems see global wind patterns.

pilotage or cabotage, in one sense, is the art of sailing along the coast using known landmarks. navigation, in one sense, is the art of sailing long distances out of sight of land.[1] although the polynesians were able to sail the pacific (with great difficulty) and people regularly sailed north and south across the mediterranean, before the time of columbus nearly all sailing was coastal pilotage

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