•urban area protected by walls• villages outside of the walls allied with the urban area• citizens are often culturally similar• most common in ancient or classical eraswhich demographic concept is being described? empirecity-statenation-stateciviliz ation

d. migration of french settlers into english colonies

the

explanation:

roosevelt believed that in light of the country's recent military successes, it was unnecessary to use force to achieve foreign policy goals, so long as the military could threaten force. this belief, and his strategy of “speaking softly and carrying a big stick,” shaped much of roosevelt's foreign policy.