"the irishman is the true cosmopolitan immigrant. all-pervading, he shares his lodging with perfect impartiality with the italian, the greek, and the "dutchman" a map of the city, colored to designate nationalities, would show more stripes than on the skin of a zebra, and more colors than any rainbow. the city on such a map would fall into two great halves, green for the irish prevailing in the west side tenement districts, and blue for the germans on the east side. but intermingled with these ground colors would be an odd variety of between the dull gray of the jew, his favorite color, and the italian red, would be seen squeezed in on the map a sharp streak of yellow, marking the narrow boundaries of chinatown. dovetailed in with the german population, the poor but thrifty bohemian might be picked out by the sombre hue of his life as of his philosophy, struggling against heavy odds in the big human bee-hives of the east side. colonies of his people extend northward, with long lapses of space, from below the cooper institute more than three miles." - from how the other half lives, by jacob a. riis, 1890 what factor of nineteenth-century city life is implied by the author's use of the term "colonies"? a) the crowding of large groups into urban areas b) the americanization of people from many cultures c) the creation of ethnically exclusive neighborhoods d) the expression of traditions through visual displays