Martin luther was just one of many religious figures who questioned the church. read this fourteenth-century poem criticizing the avignon papacy by another priest. as you read, answer the following questions. feel free to do some research on the internet to you find answers. who is the author? who was this person in history? what do you think was the author’s purpose in writing this poem? how can you tell? what do you think martin luther would have thought of this poem? why?

pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.

b. africa to the americas

explanation: