What did james ll do gain absolute rule

He pursued Catholicism as the state religion and dismissed Parliament.

Explanation:

there has only been 12 presidents. the 12th president is/was moon jae-in

the best description of postwar writers might be progressive.

following the war, writers showed a tendency to work on artistic or social matters rather than political themes. while postwar literature may not have been the greatest period of english literature, the themes provided excellent critics a high number of novels. such examples include anthony burgess, anthony powell and frank kermode, all of which can be placed under the progressive view.