Upper and lower egypt, (image below), were united under which leader and was given what new title?
a. menes, old kingdom
b. cleopatra, new egypt
c. pharaoh, middle egypt
d. amenhotep, egyptian dynastymenes, old kingdom

A. Menes, Old Kingdom

Explanation:

Egypt initially was not one kingdom, but instead it was divided into two kingdoms. The two kingdoms have been given the names of Upper Egyptian Kingdom and Lower Egyptian Kingdom. The two kingdoms existed separately for a long time, and that period is considered as part of the prehistory. Menes though was a king that had other ideas. He wanted to unite the two kingdoms in one, making one large, strong empire. Menes managed to do this, and he managed to in peaceful manner, though the details are not known about it. Menes became the first person to have the title of pharaoh of all of Egypt, with which started the period of the Old Kingdom.

answer; taking up arms to defend the nation;