Why did the institution of slavery develop in africa?

a. africa had too many people.
b. slaves were valued as goods to be sold and traded.
c. european traders introduced slavery to west africa.
d. africa had an excess of land and a shortage of labor.

i'm not sure if it's b or c. !

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

the dominoes began to fall. the surrender at appomattox took place a week later on april 9. while it was the most significant surrender to take place during the civil war, gen. robert e. lee, the confederacy's most respected commander, surrendered only his army of northern virginia to union gen. ulysses s. grant

explanation: