which quotation from the federalist papers4 is most clearly a response to the
anti-federalist argument that the constitution needs to be changed to include
a bill of rights?

Jackson  said nullification 'means insurrection and war,' and called it a treasonous attack on america. the second aspect of the  force bill  was the passing in congress of a lower tariff in 1833. this was offered as a compromise to avoid conflict with south carolina, and to attempt to defuse the tense situation.source google

No, the alien theory is not a scientific claim. it is based on one's beliefs.