Following the civil war, the political group which took the view of reconstruction that harsh penalties needed to be doled out to former confederates while giving full rights to freedmen was called

radical republicans
moderate republicans
democrats
scalawags

Option A. Radical Republicans is the right answer.

Explanation:

They are the section within the Republican Party whose oratory and policies are rebellious and extreme when compared to the conservative republicans

They are the enthusiasts of the states which are in south and they also fought for the emancipation of the African slaves. They were divergent and opposed by the democrats. Radical republicans are in contrast to the Conservative republicans. They also struggled for the enfranchisement and centralized support for the Africans.

Refurbishment and reconstruction of the Southern states after the war had commenced. A long northern military was in standby in order to reshape the southern states after the war. The radicals wanted civil rights for the liberated Africans in south.

the answer for 3 is b and the answer for 4 is d

b is the answer i am assuming