Map of the spread of islam 622 to 750. a key marks muhammad in green in arabia from 622 to 632, caliphates in pink from 632 to 661 in egypt and persia, and umayyad in orange from 661 to 750. in the first one hundred years after muhammad's death, how far did islam spread? only throughout the arabian peninsula across the middle east and persia across the middle east, north africa, and into europe from europe to india in south asia