2. how did napoleon's invasion and occupa-
tion of spain affect the spanish colonies in
south america?

When Napoleon occupied Spain, this severed the link between Spain and its colonies. Creoles in the colonies saw this as an opportunity to restore their position in colonial society, which had been diminished buy Spanish policies. Some even sought to free themselves entirely from Spanish rule.

Explanation:

8 - (2a + 7) = a + 40     distribute/multiply - into (2a + 7)

8 - 2a - 7 = a + 40

1 - 2a = a + 40       add 2a on both sides

1 = 3a + 40         subtract 40 on both sides

-39 = 3a       divide 3 on both sides

-13 = a

[proof]

8 - (2a + 7) = a + 40

8 - (2(-13) + 7) = -13 + 40

8 - (-26 + 7) = 27

8 - (-19) = 27

8 + 19 = 27

27 = 27