What muslim ruler, born a nomad, controlled an empire that eventually spanned three continents-asia, africa, and europe?

Define the term brutalization effect and describe in your own words why you think this occurs and how it conflicts with the ideas of deterrence theory.

Choose one civil war topic from the list below. research your topic using the library and the internet. then, write a report of at least four hundred words. topics: a major civil war battle civil war munitions and uniforms the emancipation proclamation the gettysburg address note! when writing a research paper, it is important to cite your source or sources. for example, anytime you use a direct quote from the source in your writing, you should follow it with the author's last name, the year of the publication, and the page number where the specific quotation is located in parentheses. for example: the author states, "lincoln was an american hero." (jones, 1999, p. 298). you will also need to include a works cited section at the end of your paper, providing the information about the source you used. generally, when you are writing for a social science course (like this course), you will use a citation format designed by the american psychological association (apa). use this brief apa style guide to you format your citations.

How do historians define the term “causation "?