The greatest impact of the columbian exchange was a) the annual storage of crops for native peoples.
b) the transport of slaves from the americas to africa.
c) the spread of new diseases, which led to vaccinations.
d) the transfer of plants, people, and ideas between the americas, europe, and africa.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.